List of new religious movements
(Redirected from List of controversial new religious movements)
A new religious movement (NRM) is a religious, ethical, or spiritual group or community with practices of relatively modern[clarification needed] origins. NRMs may be novel in origin or they may exist on the fringes of a wider religion, in which case they will be distinct from pre-existing denominations. Academics identify a variety of characteristics which they employ in categorizing groups as new religious movements. The term is broad and inclusive, rather than sharply defined. New religious movements are generally seen as syncretic, employing human and material assets to disseminate their ideas and worldviews, deviating in some degree from a society's traditional forms or doctrines, focused especially upon the self, and having a peripheral relationship that exists in a state of tension with established societal conventions.[1]: 29 [2][3]
A NRM may be one of a wide range of movements ranging from those with loose affiliations based on novel approaches to spirituality or religion to communitarian enterprises that demand a considerable amount of group conformity and a social identity that separates their adherents from mainstream society. Use of the term NRM is not universally accepted among the groups to which it is applied.[4] Scholars have estimated that NRMs now number in the tens of thousands worldwide. Most have only a few members, some have thousands, and very few have more than a million.[5]: 17 Academics occasionally propose amendments to technical definitions and continue to add new groups.[1]: vii–xv
List
[edit]See also
[edit]
- Governmental lists of cults and sects
- Hinduism-oriented new religious movements
- List of Christian denominations
- List of New Thought denominations and independent centers
- List of Neopagan movements
- List of religions and spiritual traditions
- List of sects in the Latter Day Saint movement
- New religious movements in the United States
- Sociological classifications of religious movements
Bibliography
[edit]Main sources
[edit]- [Beit-Hallahmi 1992] Beit-Hallahmi, Benjamin (28 December 1992). Rosen, Roger (ed.). The illustrated encyclopedia of active new religions, sects, and cults (1st ed.). New York: Rosen Pub. Group. ISBN 978-0-8239-1505-7.
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- [Chryssides 2001] Chryssides, George D. (2001). Historical dictionary of new religious movements. Lanham, Md. [u.a.]: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-4095-9.
- [Chryssides 2006] Chryssides, George D. (2006). The A to Z of new religious movements (Rev. pbk. ed.). Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-5588-5.
- [Clarke 2006] Clarke, Peter B., ed. (2006). Encyclopedia of New Religious Movements. London; New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-26707-6.
- [Jones & Ryan 2007] Jones, Constance A.; Ryan, James D. (2007). Encyclopedia of Hinduism. Encyclopedia of World Religions. New York: Facts On File. ISBN 978-0-8160-5458-9.
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Other selected sources
[edit]- Adler, Margot (2006) [1979]. Drawing Down the Moon: Witches, Druids, Goddess-Worshippers, and Other Pagans in America Today (Reprint rev. and expand. ed.). New York: Penguin/Arcana. ISBN 0-14-019536-X. | at Archive.org
- Ashcraft, W. Michael (2018). Introduction to the Study of New Religious Movements. London; New York: Routledge.
- Bainbridge, William Sims (1997). The sociology of religious movements. London; New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-91202-0.
- Barrett, David V. (2001). The new believers: a survey of sects, cults and alternative religions (Rev. ed.). London: Cassell. ISBN 978-0-304-35592-1.
- Best, Felton O., ed. (1998). Black Religious Leadership from the Slave Community to the Million Man March; flames of fire. Lewiston, New York: The Edwin Mellen Press.
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- Clarke, Peter B., ed. (2000). Japanese New Religions: In Global Perspective. Surrey, UK: Curzon Press. ISBN 0-7007-1185-6.
- Dawson, Andrew (2007). New Era, New Religions: Religious Transformation in Contemporary Brazil. Ashgate Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7546-5433-9.
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- Ellwood, Robert S. (1971). "Notes on a Neopagan Religious Group in America". History of Religions. XI (1): 125–139. doi:10.1086/462645. S2CID 162222699.
- Enroth, Ronald M. (2005). A Guide To New Religious Movements. InterVarsity Press. ISBN 978-0-8308-2381-9.
- Fort, Samuel (2014). Cult of the Great Eleven. Nisirtu Press. ASIN B00OALI9O4.
- Gallagher, Eugene V. (2006). Introduction to New and Alternative Religions in America. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-275-98713-8.
- Gold, Lorna (2004). The Sharing Economy: Solidarity Networks Transforming Globalization. Ashgate Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7546-3345-7.
- Goodrick-Clarke, Nicholas (2002). Black Sun: Aryan Cults, Esoteric Nazism and the Politics of Identity. Albany, NY: SUNY Press. ISBN 978-0-8147-3155-0.
- Gooren, Henri, ed. (2015). Encyclopedia of Latin American Religions. Springer International Publishing. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-08956-0_49-1. ISBN 978-3-319-08956-0. S2CID 239249964.
- Greer, John Michael (2003). The new encyclopedia of the occult. St. Paul, MN: Llewellyn Publications. ISBN 978-1-56718-336-8.
- Hanegraaff, Wouter (2013). Western Esotericism: A Guide for the Perplexed. London: Bloomsbury Press. ISBN 978-1-4411-3646-6.
- Hayes, Michael A. (2006). New Religious Movements in the Catholic Church. Continuum International Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-8264-9357-6.
- Introvigne, Massimo; Kotkowska, Karolina Maria (2024). "The Ahmadi Religion of Peace and Light: An Introduction". The Journal of CESNUR. 8 (3): 33–51. doi:10.26338/tjoc.2024.8.3.2. ISSN 2532-2990.
- Irons, Edward A. (2008). Encyclopedia of Buddhism. Encyclopedia of World Religions. New York: Checkmark Books. ISBN 978-0-8160-7744-1.
- Jones, Lindsay, ed. (2005). Encyclopedia of Religion. Vol. 15-volume Set (2nd ed.). Detroit, Mi: MacMillan Reference USA. ISBN 0-02-865733-0.
- Keown, Damien; Prebish, Charles S. (2013). Encyclopedia of Buddhism. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-98588-1.
- Klass, Morton; Weisgrau, Maxine K. (1999). Across the Boundaries of Belief: Contemporary Issues in the Anthropology of Religion. Boulder, Co; Oxford, UK: Westview Press. ISBN 978-0-8133-2695-5.
- Krogh, Marilyn; Pillifant, Brooke Ashley (2004). "Kemetic Orthodoxy: Ancient Egyptian Religion on the Internet: A Research Note". Sociology of Religion. 65 (2): 167–175. doi:10.2307/3712405. JSTOR 3712405.
- "Mini-Consultation on Reaching Mystics and Cultists". Lausanne Occasional Paper. 11 (1.e). 1980. Archived from the original on 2010-02-11.
- Lewis, James R. (2002). Encyclopedia of Cults, Sects, and New Religions. Amherst, NY: Prometheus. ISBN 978-1-57392-888-5.
- Lewis, James R. (2003). The Encyclopedic Sourcebook of UFO Religions. Prometheus Books. ISBN 978-1-57392-964-6.
- Lewis, James R., ed. (2004). The Encyclopedic Sourcebook of New Age Religions. Prometheus Books. ISBN 978-1-59102-040-0.
- Lewis, James R., ed. (2004). The Oxford Handbook of New Religious Movements. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-514986-6.
- Lewis, James R.; Petersen, Jesper Aagaard, eds. (2004). Controversial New Religions (1st ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-515682-9.
- Lewis, James R.; Tøllefsen, Inga Bårdsen, eds. (2015). Handbook of Nordic New Religions. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-29246-8.
- Lewis, James R.; Tøllefsen, Inga Bårdsen, eds. (2016) [2008]. The Oxford Handbook of New Religious Movements. Oxford Handbooks. Vol. 2 (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-046617-6.
- Lyon, David (2000). Jesus in Disneyland: Religion in Postmodern Times. Polity. ISBN 978-0-7456-1489-2.
- Marhic, Renaud; Kerlidou, Alain (1996). Sectes & mouvements initiatiques en Bretagne: du celtisme au nouvel âge. Terre de brume editions. ISBN 978-2-908021-78-3.
- Mayer, Jean-François; Kranenborg, Reender (2004). La naissance des nouvelles religions (in French). Genève: Georg. ISBN 978-2-8257-0877-4. Archived from the original on 2011-07-18. Retrieved 2009-12-26.
- Melton, J. Gordon, ed. (1990). New Age Encyclopedia. Detroit, Mi: Gale Research. ISBN 0-8103-7159-6.
- Melton, J. Gordon (1992) [1986]. Encyclopedic Handbook of Cults in America. Religious Information Series, 7 (Rev. and updated ed.). New York: Garland Publ. ISBN 0-8153-0502-8.
- Melton, J. Gordon (1999). Religious Leaders of America: A Biographical Guide to Founders and Leaders of Religious Bodies, Churches, and Spiritual Groups in North America (2nd ed.). Detroit, Mi: Gale Group. ISBN 0-8103-8878-2.
- Melton, J. Gordon; et al., eds. (2009) [1978]. Melton's Encyclopedia of American Religions (8th ed.). Detroit, MI: Gale Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-0-787-69696-2. (archive)
- Melton, J. Gordon; Baumann, Martin, eds. (2010). Religions of the world: a comprehensive encyclopedia of beliefs and practices (2nd ed.). Santa Barbara, Ca: ABC-Clio. ISBN 978-1-59884-203-6.
- Nelson, Geoffrey K. (1987). Cults, New Religions and Religious Creativity. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. ISBN 978-0-7102-0855-2.
- Partridge, Christopher (2004). New Religions: A Guide: New Religious Movements, Sects and Alternative Spiritualities. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-522042-1.
- Partridge, Christopher Hugh (2003). UFO Religions. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-26324-5.
- Peters, Shawn Francis (2008). When Prayer Fails: Faith Healing, Children, and the Law. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-530635-4.
- Ramstedt, Martin (2007). Kemp, Daren; Lewis, James R. (eds.). Handbook of the New Age. Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion. Vol. 1. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-15355-4.
- Raphael, Melissa (April 1998). "Goddess Religion, Postmodern Jewish Feminism, and the Complexity of Alternative Religious Identities". Nova Religio. 1 (2): 198–215. doi:10.1525/nr.1998.1.2.198.
- Reece, Gregory L. (2007). UFO Religion: Inside Flying Saucer Cults and Culture. I. B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-84511-451-0.
- Ryan, Charles J. (1975). H.P. Blavatsky and the Theosophical Movement. San Diego, Ca: Point Loma Publications. ISBN 0-913004-25-1.
- Saliba, John (2003). Understanding New Religious Movements. AltaMira Press. ISBN 978-0-7591-0356-6.
- Singer, Margaret Thaler; Lalich, Janja (1995). Cults in Our Midst. San Francisco, Ca: Jossey-Bass. ISBN 978-0-7879-0051-9.
- Smith, Christian; Joshua Prokopy (1999). Latin American Religion in Motion. London; New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-92106-0.
- Strmiska, M.; Sigurvinsson, B. A. (2005). "Asatru: Nordic Paganism in Iceland and America". In Strmiska, M. (ed.). Modern Paganism in World Cultures: Comparative Perspectives. Santa Barbara, Ca; Denver, Co; Oxford: ABC-Clio. ISBN 978-1-85109-608-4.
- Swenson, Donald (2009). Society, Spirituality, and the Sacred: A Social Scientific Introduction. North York, Ontario: University of Toronto Press. ISBN 978-0-8020-9680-7.
- Tamura, Yoshiro (2001). Japanese Buddhism: A Cultural History. Kosei Publishing Company. ISBN 978-4-333-01684-6.
- Tucker, Ruth A. (2004). Another Gospel: Cults, Alternative Religions, and the New Age Movement. Zondervan. ISBN 978-0-310-25937-4.
- Urban, Hugh B. (2015). New Age, Neopagan, and New Religious Movements: Alternative Spirituality in Contemporary America. Berkeley, Ca: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-28117-2.
- York, Michael (2004). Historical Dictionary of New Age Movements. Lanham, Md: Scarecrow. ISBN 978-0-8108-4873-3.
References
[edit]- ^ a b c Beckford, James A., ed. (1 January 1987). New religious movements and rapid social change. London: Sage Publications. ISBN 978-0-8039-8003-7.
- ^ Nelson 1987, p. 107.
- ^ Swenson 2009, p. 206.
- ^ Coney, Judith (June 1998). "A Response to: Religious Liberty in Western Europe by Massimo Introvigne, Vol. 5, No. 2". ISKCON Communications Journal. 6 (1).
- ^ a b Wilson, Bryan R.; Cresswell, Jamie, eds. (5 May 1999). New religious movements: challenge and response. London [u.a.]: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-20049-3.
- ^ Hakl, Hans Thomas (2010). "Franz Sättler (Dr. Musallam) and the Twentieth-Century Cult of Adonism". The Pomegranate: The International Journal of Pagan Studies. 12 (1–19): 4–19. doi:10.1558/pome.v12i1.4. ISSN 1528-0268.
- ^ Chryssides, George D. (15 November 2001). Historical dictionary of new religious movements. Lanham, Md. [u.a.]: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-4095-9.
- ^ Omoyajowo 1995, pp. xv, 113.
- ^ a b Balzer, Marjorie Mandelstam (2005). "Whose Steeple is Higher? Religious Competition in Siberia" (PDF). Religion, State & Society. 33 (1–69): 57–69. doi:10.1080/0963749042000330839. S2CID 145576532. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2021-12-28.
- ^ a b c Chryssides, George D. (1999). Exploring new religions. London: Continuum. ISBN 978-0-8264-3890-4.
- ^ "Sect of roch Theriault - Cults". 2014-02-02. Archived from the original on 2014-02-02. Retrieved 2022-08-04.
- ^ "Holy Moses Mountain Family – WRSP".
- ^ a b c d e f Hanegraaff, Wouter (2013). Western Esotericism: A Guide for the Perplexed. London: Bloomsbury Press. ISBN 978-1-4411-3646-6.
- ^ "Apostles of Infinite Love – WRSP".
- ^ Strmiska and Sigurvinsson 2005, pp. 127–180.
- ^ a b c Clark, Elmer T. (June 1940). The Small Sects in America (1st ed.). New York: Abingdon Press. ISBN 978-0-687-38703-8.
- ^ Vliegenthart, Dave (2022). "Reasoned Flights beyond Reason: The Life and Teachings of Franklin Merrell-Wolff". Nova Religio. 26 (1): 14. doi:10.1525/nr.2022.26.1.5. S2CID 251263977.
- ^ a b c Lewis, James R.; Petersen, Jesper Aagaard, eds. (2004). Controversial New Religions (1st ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-515682-9.
- ^ Saliba, 2003, p. 171.
- ^ Partridge, 2004, p. 261.
- ^ Barrett, David (2001). The New Believers. London: Cassell & Co. ISBN 0-304-35592-5.
- ^ a b Encyclopædia Iranica 1989, "Babism".
- ^ Garnett, Richard (1878), , in Baynes, T. S. (ed.), Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 3 (9th ed.), New York: Charles Scribner's Sons
- ^ "History of the Baháʼí Faith". ReligionFacts. Archived from the original on 2019-05-28. Retrieved 2019-05-28.
- ^ "Dr. Frederick Kettner". Biosophicalinstitute.tripod.com. Archived from the original on 2015-09-29. Retrieved 2015-09-29.
- ^ "Objectives of Biosophy". Biosophicalinstitute.tripod.com. Archived from the original on 2015-09-29. Retrieved 2015-09-29.
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- ^ In 1955, Reverend Moon established the Collegiate Association for the Research of the Principle (CARP). CARP is now active on many campuses in the United States and has expanded to over eighty nations. This association of students promotes intercultural, interracial, and international cooperation through the Unification world view." [1] The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
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- ^ Adler 2006, p. 101.
- ^ Robinson 2005.
- ^ Keown & Prebish 2013, pp. 24–26.
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- ^ Van Bruinessen 2007, p. 258.
- ^ https://info-buddhism.com/Ole_Nydahl_and_Diamond_Way_B_Scherer.html Neo-orthodox Tradition and Transition: Lama Ole Nydahl and the Diamond Way Bee Scherer, Professor of Religious Studies (Buddhism) and Gender Studies at Canterbury Christ Church University (U.K.)
- ^ https://www.academia.edu/7782672/Conversion_Devotion_and_Trans_Mission_Understanding_Ole_Nydahl_in_T_Lewis_ed_2014_Buddhists_Understanding_Buddhism_Through_the_Lives_of_Practitioners_Blackwell_Wiley_London_pp_96_106 Conversion, Devotion and (Trans-)Mission: Understanding Ole Nydahl, in T Lewis (ed.) 2014, Buddhists: Understanding Buddhism Through the Lives of Practitioners, Blackwell Wiley, London, pp. 96-106.
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- ^ See:
* Ramstedt 2007, p. 6. "How can one find a definition of 'New Age' that will serve to bring so many different features together? One major difficulty in defining 'New Age' is that different writers draw different boundaries. Paul Heelas, for example, includes a significant number of what he calls the 'self religions': groups like Landmark Forum (also known simply as The Forum, formerly est or Erhard Seminar Training) and Programmes Limited (formerly Exegesis). Some writers trace the New Age back to William Blake (1757–1827); others see it as originating in the 'hippie' counter-culture in the USA in the 1960s, while the scholar of the New Age, Wouter Hanegraaff, places it later still, regarding it as beginning in the second half of the 1970s." - ^ The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- ^ See:
* Lewis 2004, p. 187. "These two opposing strategies of new religious movements for delivering compensators I will term 'compensation delivery systems' (CDS). The gradual CDS can best be described as religion as a multi-level marketing (MLM) tactic – a term I take from the business world [...] Exemplars of new religious movements with a gradual CDS are Scientology and Erhard Seminar Training in its various manifestations."
* Saliba 2003, p. 88. "Many of the new religions attract individuals by the promise of peace of mind, spiritual well-being, gratifying experiences, and material success. In so doing they stress their concern for the individual and highlight one's personal worth and self-development. This is especially so in human growth movements such as Scientology, The Forum (previously known as Erhard Seminar Training [EST]), and qualsi-religious encounter groups." - ^ The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- ^ See"
* Nelson 1987, p. 177. "Finally his study of EST (Erhard Systems Training) provides an insight into the work of the human potential movement which aims at self realisation."
* Puttick 2004, p. 406. "est was one of the most successful manifestations of the human potential movement (HPM) ..." - ^ The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- ^ Lewis 2004, p. 195.
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- ^ a b Melton 2009, p. 676.
- ^ Ellwood 1971, p. 125.
- ^ Adler 2006, pp. 78–79.
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- ^ a b c d e f g Champagne 2005.
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- ^ Philippine Daily Inquirer 2008.
- ^ Adler 2006.
- ^ a b c The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- ^ a b Partridge, 2004, p. 406.
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- ^ Gallagher 2006, p. 86.
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- ^ Krogh 2004, p. 167.
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- ^ Tucker 2004, pp. 360–362.
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- ^ Hinfelaar, Hugo. "WOMEN'S REVOLT: THE LUMPA CHURCH OF LENSHINA MULENGA IN THE 1950S." Journal of Religion in Africa, v. 21 issue 2, 1991, pp. 99–129.
- ^ Bugliosi, Vincent with Gentry, Curt. Helter Skelter — The True Story of the Manson Murders 25th Anniversary Edition, W.W. Norton & Company, 1994. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.The time allocated for running scripts has expired.The time allocated for running scripts has expired., The time allocated for running scripts has expired..
- ^ Olav Hammer: Danish Esotericism in the 20th Century. The Case of Martinus. Amsterdam University Press 2009.
- ^ Western Esotericism in Scandinavia. Edited by Henrik Bogdan and Olav Hammer.
- ^ Byskov, Else: Death is an illusion. Paragon House 2002.
- ^ https://pdfhost.io/v/51FVy2Zyz_mespilism_ebook Mespilism: The Way Of The Medlar
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- ^ Marhic 1996, pp. 25–29.
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- ^ Palmer, Susan. The Nuwaubian Nation: Black Spirituality and State Control (Farnham: Ashgate, 2010).
- ^ Bailey, Julius H. "The Final Frontier: Secrecy, Identity, and the Media in the Rise and Fall of the United Nuwaubian Nation of Moors". Journal of the American Academy of Religion 74, no. 2 (2006): 302–23.
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- ^ INFORM 2001.
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- ^ a b Gooren 2015, "Neo-Shamanism".
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- ^ The Oxford Handbook of New Religious Movements, Volume 2; James R. Lewis, Inga B. Tollefsen; Oxford University Press, 2016; pgs. 441-453
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- ^ Beźnic Sz., Zbór Leczenia Duchem Świętym "Niebo", in: E.Barker, Nowe ruchy religijne, Nomos, Kraków 1997, p. 299–301.
- ^ Raphael 1998, pp. 198–215.
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- ^ Irons 2008, p. 206.
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- ^ Johnson, Benton in Klass and Weisgrau 1999, p. 377.
- ^ Smith and Prokopy 2003, p. 279–280.
- ^ (Fraternite Blanche Universelle) Mayer 1993, p. 370.
- ^ Dawson 2007, pp. 48–49.
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External links
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- Diskus The on-disk journal of international Religious Studies
- Hartford Institute of Religious Research: New religious movements
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- Online texts about NRMs
- SSSR Resolution on New Religious Groups
- Hadden, Jeffrey K. and Douglas Cowan The New Religious Movements Homepage @The University of Virginia
- Religious Movements in the United States: An Informal Introduction
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