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Troodos Mountains

Coordinates: 34°55′N 32°50′E / 34.917°N 32.833°E / 34.917; 32.833
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For the small theropod, see Troodon.
Troodos
Trees of Mount Olympus
Highest point
PeakMount Olympus
Naming
Native name
Geography
Map
CountryCyprus

Troodos (sometimes spelled Troödos; Greek: Τρόοδος [ˈtɾo.oðos]; Turkish: Trodos Dağları ['tɾo.dos]) is the largest mountain range in Cyprus, located in roughly the center of the island. Its highest peak is Mount Olympus (Greek: Όλυμπος), also known as Chionistra (Greek: Χιονίστρα), at 1,952 metres (6,404 ft), which hosts the Sun Valley and North Face ski areas with their five ski lifts.

The Troodos mountain range stretches across most of the western side of Cyprus. There are many mountain resorts, Byzantine monasteries, and churches on mountain peaks, and nestling in its valleys and mountains are villages clinging to terraced hills. The area has been known since antiquity for its mines, which for centuries supplied copper to the entire Mediterranean. In the Byzantine period it became a centre of Byzantine art, as churches and monasteries[1] were built in the mountains, away from the threatened coastline. The mountains are also home to RAF Troodos, a listening post for the NSA and GCHQ.[2]

The name Troodos probably comes from one of two sources: either τρία + ὁδός (tría + hodós), referring to the three roads that lead to the mountain, or τό + ὄρος + Ἄδος (to + oro + Ados), meaning the mountains of Adonis.[3][4]

Geology

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Picture of a campsite in Troodos in 1900

The Troodos Mountains are known worldwide for their geology and the presence of an undisturbed ophiolite sequence, the Troodos Ophiolite.[5] These mountains slowly rose from the sea due to the collision of the African and European tectonic plates, a process that eventually formed the island of Cyprus. The slowing and near-cessation of this process left the rock formations nearly intact, while subsequent erosion uncovered the magma chamber underneath the mountain, allowing a viewing of intact rocks and petrified pillow lava formed millions of years ago, an excellent example of ophiolite stratigraphy. The observations of the Troodos ophiolite by Ian Graham Gass and co-workers was one of the key points that led to the theory of sea floor spreading. A detailed descriptive geological survey of Troodos was published in 1959.[6] It predates the modern theory of plate tectonics, but contains exhaustive descriptions of rocks and structures.

Climate

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Climate data for Prodromos in Troodos Mountains, elevation: 1380 m (Satellite view)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean maximum °C (°F) 13.3
(55.9) 		13.9
(57.0) 		18.5
(65.3) 		24.7
(76.5) 		27.9
(82.2) 		30.6
(87.1) 		32.2
(90.0) 		32.2
(90.0) 		30.2
(86.4) 		26.6
(79.9) 		20.1
(68.2) 		14.3
(57.7) 		23.7
(74.7)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 6.3
(43.3) 		6.6
(43.9) 		10.3
(50.5) 		15.1
(59.2) 		20.5
(68.9) 		25.0
(77.0) 		28.1
(82.6) 		27.9
(82.2) 		24.4
(75.9) 		19.6
(67.3) 		12.8
(55.0) 		8.0
(46.4) 		17.1
(62.8)
Daily mean °C (°F) 3.5
(38.3) 		3.5
(38.3) 		6.6
(43.9) 		10.7
(51.3) 		15.8
(60.4) 		20.1
(68.2) 		23.3
(73.9) 		23.1
(73.6) 		19.6
(67.3) 		15.4
(59.7) 		9.5
(49.1) 		5.3
(41.5) 		13.0
(55.4)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 0.7
(33.3) 		0.3
(32.5) 		2.8
(37.0) 		6.3
(43.3) 		11.1
(52.0) 		15.2
(59.4) 		18.4
(65.1) 		18.2
(64.8) 		14.9
(58.8) 		11.3
(52.3) 		6.2
(43.2) 		2.5
(36.5) 		9.0
(48.2)
Mean minimum °C (°F) −4.5
(23.9) 		−5.2
(22.6) 		−2.6
(27.3) 		0.5
(32.9) 		4.7
(40.5) 		9.2
(48.6) 		13.5
(56.3) 		14.0
(57.2) 		10.1
(50.2) 		5.4
(41.7) 		0.1
(32.2) 		−2.8
(27.0) 		3.5
(38.3)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 133.4
(5.25) 		123.6
(4.87) 		82.3
(3.24) 		56.9
(2.24) 		26.0
(1.02) 		40.0
(1.57) 		12.1
(0.48) 		10.0
(0.39) 		9.5
(0.37) 		24.0
(0.94) 		102.5
(4.04) 		169.7
(6.68) 		790.1
(31.11)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1 mm) 12.4 11.2 9.8 6.7 3.7 2.1 0.7 0.7 1.4 3.5 7.4 11.2 70.7
Mean monthly sunshine hours 130.2 150.8 195.3 231.0 275.9 315.0 328.6 310.0 255.0 220.1 165.0 136.4 2,713.3
Source: Meteorological Service (Cyprus)[7]

Churches

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Further information: Painted Churches in the Troödos Region
Chapel of the Saint Mary near Klirou village
Panagia Forviothissa in Asinou village

The region is known for its many Byzantine churches and monasteries, richly decorated with murals, of which the Kykkos monastery is the richest and most famous. Nine churches and one monastery in Troodos together form a World Heritage Site, originally inscribed on the World Heritage List by UNESCO in 1985. The nine Byzantine churches are:

  • Stavros tou Agiasmati
  • Panagia tou Araka
  • Timiou Stavrou at Pelendri
  • Agios Nikolaos tis Stegis
  • Panagia Podithou
  • Assinou
  • Agios Ioannis Lampadistis at Kalopanagiotis
  • Panagia tou Moutoula
  • Archangel Michael at Pedoulas
  • Transfiguration of the Saviour Palaichori
  • Church in spring
    Church in spring

Selected villages

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Omodos
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  • Young tree in Winter
    Young tree in Winter
  • Troodos Mountains
    Troodos Mountains
  • Lazanias village
    Lazanias village
  • Troodos black pines are 3,000 years old
    Troodos black pines are 3,000 years old
  • Forests in Troodos Mountains
    Forests in Troodos Mountains
  • Pinus brutia, foothills of Troodos Mountains
    Pinus brutia, foothills of Troodos Mountains
  • River tributary in Troodos
    River tributary in Troodos
  • Parakentro is a non-profit cultural centre in Lemythou village
    Parakentro is a non-profit cultural centre in Lemythou village
  • Millomeris Waterfall, Platres
    Millomeris Waterfall, Platres
  • Milia Bridge, Platres
    Milia Bridge, Platres
  • Tzielefos bridge
    Tzielefos bridge
  • The statue of Archbishop Makarios III near the Kykkos Monastery
    The statue of Archbishop Makarios III near the Kykkos Monastery
  • Omodos
    Omodos
  • Kalidonia Waterfall, Platres
    Kalidonia Waterfall, Platres
  • Part of Troodos Mountains
    Part of Troodos Mountains
  • View of Farmakas region
    View of Farmakas region
  • Prodromos in winter
    Prodromos in winter
  • Road through the forest
    Road through the forest
  • Troodos Mountains in 1957
    Troodos Mountains in 1957

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Cyprus Travel Series: Troodos Mountains". Expand Your Property World. 2017-11-23. Retrieved 2018-02-16.
  2. ^ Cora Currier; Henrik Moltke (January 29, 2016). "Spies in the sky". The Intercept.
  3. ^ "Places to visit - Troodos Cyprus". www.justaboutcyprus.com. Retrieved 2017-09-18.
  4. ^ "Snowy Mountains of Troodos - December at Olympos - Chionistra". www.cyprusalive.com. Retrieved 2017-09-18.
  5. ^ Papanikolaou, Dimitrios I. The Geology of Greece. Cham, Switzerland: Springer, 2021. p. 12. ISBN 978-3-030-60730-2
  6. ^ Wilson, R.A.M. The Geology of the Xeros-Troodos Area: Geological Survey Department, cyprus, Memoir No. 1. Nicosia, Cyprus: Government of Cyprus, Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources, 1959, reprinted 1971.
  7. ^ "Climatological and Meteorological Reports - Prodromos - 1991 - 2005" (PDF). Archived from the original (pdf) on 2016-03-27. Retrieved 2017-06-29.
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34°55′N 32°50′E / 34.917°N 32.833°E / 34.917; 32.833

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