Hawker Aircraft

Hawker Aircraft Limited
Industry	Aviation
Predecessor	Sopwith Aviation & Engineering Company
Founded	1920; 104 years ago (as H.G. Hawker Engineering)
Defunct	1963; 61 years ago
Fate	Merged into Hawker Siddeley Group
Successor	Hawker Siddeley Aviation
Headquarters	Kingston upon Thames, Greater London, UK
Number of locations	Langley, Dunsfold, Blackpool
Key people	Harry Hawker; Thomas Sopwith; Sydney Camm
Products	Aircraft
Subsidiaries	Gloster Aircraft Company (1934)

Hawker Aircraft Limited was a British aircraft manufacturer that was responsible for some of the most famous products in British aviation history.

History

Hawker had its roots in the aftermath of the First World War, which resulted in the bankruptcy of the Sopwith Aviation Company. Sopwith test pilot Harry Hawker and three others, including Thomas Sopwith, bought the assets of Sopwith and formed H.G. Hawker Engineering in 1920.^[1]

In 1933, the company was renamed Hawker Aircraft Limited, and it took advantage of the Great Depression and a strong financial position to purchase the Gloster Aircraft Company in 1934. The next year, it merged with the engine and automotive company Armstrong Siddeley and its subsidiary, Armstrong Whitworth Aircraft, to form Hawker Siddeley Aircraft. This group also encompassed A. V. Roe and Company (Avro).

The company continued to produce designs under the "Hawker" name as part of Hawker Siddeley Aircraft, which from 1955 was a division of Hawker Siddeley Group. In 1963, the "Hawker" brand name was dropped, along with those of the sister companies; the Hawker P.1127 was the last aircraft to carry the brand name.

The Hawker legacy was maintained by the American company Raytheon, which produced business jets (including some derived from the 125, whose original design dated back to de Havilland days) under the "Hawker" name. This was the result of purchasing British Aerospace's product line in 1993. The name was also used by Hawker Beechcraft after Raytheon's business jet interests (Hawker and Beechcraft) were acquired by investors and merged.

Products

The first Hawker design was the unbuilt Hawker Humpback of December 1920.^[2] This was soon followed by the Hawker Duiker, the first prototype, which flew in July 1923.^[3] In the interwar years, Hawker produced a successful line of bombers and fighters for the Royal Air Force, the product of Sydney Camm (later Sir Sydney) and his team. These included the Hawker Hind and the Hawker Hart, which became the most produced UK aeroplane in the years before the Second World War.^[4]

During the Second World War, the Hawker Siddeley company was one of the United Kingdom's most important aviation concerns, producing numerous designs including the famous Hawker Hurricane fighter plane that, along with the Supermarine Spitfire, was instrumental in winning the Battle of Britain. During the battle, Hawker Hurricanes in service outnumbered all other British fighters combined, and were responsible for shooting down 55 per cent of all enemy aircraft destroyed.^{[citation needed]}

Aircraft

Hawker Duiker 1923 prototype – first original design by Hawker, 1 aircraft built, J6918^[5]^[6]
Hawker Woodcock 1923
Hawker Cygnet 1924
Hawker Hedgehog 1924 prototype
Hawker Horsley 1925
Hawker Heron 1925
Hawker Hornbill 1925
Hawker Danecock 1925
Hawker Harrier 1927 prototype
Hawker Hawfinch 1927
Hawker Hart 1928
Hawker F.20/27 1928 prototype
Hawker Hoopoe 1928
Hawker Tomtit 1928
Hawker Hornet 1929
Hawker Osprey 1929
Hawker Nimrod 1930
Hawker Fury 1931
Hawker Audax 1931 - army cooperation derivative of Hart
Hawker Dantorp 1932- biplane bomber developed from Horsley for Royal Danish Navy
Hawker Demon 1933 - fighter developed from Hart
Hawker Hardy 1933 - general purpose aircraft variant of Hart
Hawker P.V.3 1934 prototype
Hawker Hind 1934 - developed from Hart
Hawker P.V.4 1934 prototype
Hawker Hartbeest 1935
Hawker Hurricane 1935
Hawker Sea Hurricane
Hawker Hector 1936 - army cooperation aircraft developed from Hind, used Napier Dagger engine
Hawker Henley 1937
Hawker Hotspur 1938
Hawker Tornado 1939
Hawker Typhoon 1940
Hawker Tempest 1942
Hawker F.2/43 Fury 1943 prototype
Hawker Sea Fury 1944
Hawker P.1040 1947 prototype leading to Sea Hawk
Hawker Sea Hawk 1947
Hawker P.1052 1948 prototype
Hawker P.1072 1950 prototype
Hawker P.1078 prototype
Hawker P.1081 1950 prototype
Hawker Hunter 1951
Hawker P.1127 1960 experimental V/STOL aircraft

Projects

Source: Hannah (1982)^[7]

Hawker P.1000
Hawker P.1004
Hawker P.1005 - high speed unarmed bomber, to be powered by two Napier Sabre engines, to Specification B11/41^[8]
Hawker P.1007
Hawker P.1008
Hawker P.1014
Hawker P.1017
Hawker P.1021
Hawker P.1025
Hawker P.1027
Hawker P.1028
Hawker P.1029
Hawker P.1030
Hawker P.1031
Hawker P.1037
Hawker P.1140 Sea Hawk
Hawker P.1041
Hawker P.1044
Hawker P.1146 Swept delta wing idea for P1040
Hawker P.1048 Straight wing twin engine (like Me 262)
Hawker P.1049
Hawker P.1050
Hawker P.1051
Hawker P.1052 Swept wing Sea Hawk prototye
Hawker P.1056 Night fighter variant of P1048
Hawker P.1053
Hawker P.1054
Hawker P.1055
Hawker P.1056
Hawker P.1057 Swept wing idea
Hawker P.1058
Hawker P.1061 dual engine straight wing
Hawker P.1062 swept wing derivative of P1040
Hawker P.1063
Hawker P.1064 swept wing idea with high tailplane
Hawker P.1065 swept wing with rocket boost
Hawker P.1067 idea for swept wing with Avon engine Hunter prototype
Hawker P.1069
Hawker P.1070
Hawker P.1071
Hawker P.1072 Version Sea Hawk with rocket
Hawker P.1073
Hawker P.1077
Hawker P.1079
Hawker P.1081 Second prototype derived from P1052
Hawker P.1082
Hawker P.1084
Hawker P.1083 4th prototype Hunter
Hawker P.1085
Hawker P.1088
Hawker P.1089
Hawker P.1090 drawing for Gyron engined Hunter
Hawker P.1091 drawing for tail less delta Hunter
Hawker P.1092
Hawker P.1093 drawing for supersonic delta
Hawker P.1096
Hawker P.1098
Hawker P.1099 Avon engined Hunter
Hawker P.1100 drawing for thin wing Hunter
Hawker P.1101 Dual seat hunter
Hawker P.1103 1950s interceptor project
Hawker P.1104
Hawker P.1106
Hawker P.1107
Hawker P.1108
Hawker P.1109 Hunter variant
Hawker P.1121 late 1950s supersonic fighter project evolved from P1103
Hawker P.1124 Drawing Mach 2 target aircraft
Hawker P.1125
Hawker P.1126 VTOL double delta wing fighter^[9]^[10]
Hawker P.1128 Drawing for Executive jet version of Hunter
Hawker P.1129
Hawker P.1131
Hawker P.1132
Hawker P.1134
Hawker P.1136
Hawker P.1137
Hawker P.1139
Hawker P.1141
Hawker P.1143
Hawker P.1149
Hawker P.1152
Hawker P.1154 1960s design for a supersonic VTOL
Hawker P.1182 Hawk trainer
Hawker P.1214 1980s X wing VTOL design
Hawker P.1216 1980s swept wing VTOL design of P1214

Key people

Aircraft designers and engineers

Chief test pilots

References

Citations

^ Mason 1991, p. 11.
^ Mason 1991, p. 638.
^ Mason 1991, p. 100.
^ Mason 1991, p. 221.
^ Hannah 1982, p. 15.
^ James 1973, p. 15.
^ Donald Hannah, Flypast Reference Library Hawker, Key Publishing 1982
^ Goulding 1985, pp. 128–130
^ Mike Pryce - Beyond the Harrier - Kingston V/Stol Projects 1957-1988
^ Flight, 16 Dec 1960, p.944

Bibliography

Buttler, Tony (2017). British Secret Projects : Jet Fighters since 1950 (Hardback) (2nd ed.). Manchester: Crecy Publishing. ISBN 978-1-910-80905-1.
Goulding, James (March 1985). "If Only...The Hawker P1005". Aircraft Illustrated. Vol. 18, no. 3. pp. 128–130. ISSN 0002-2675.
Hannah, Donald (1982). Hawker FlyPast Reference Library. Stamford, Lincolnshire, UK: Key Publishing Ltd. ISBN 0-946219-01-X..
James, Derek N. (1973) [First published in the UK by Ian Allan in 1972]. Hawker, an Aircraft Album No. 5. New York: Arco Publishing Company. ISBN 0-668-02699-5.
Mason, Francis K. (1991). Hawker Aircraft since 1920 (3rd revised ed.). London: Putnam & Company. ISBN 0-85177-839-9..
Braybrook, Roy (1987). Hunter (1st ed.). London: Osprey publishing ltd. ISBN 0-85045-751-3..

External links

Hawker – British Aircraft Directory

[FOOTNOTEMason199111-1] Mason 1991, p. 11.

[FOOTNOTEMason1991638-2] Mason 1991, p. 638.

[FOOTNOTEMason1991100-3] Mason 1991, p. 100.

[FOOTNOTEMason1991221-4] Mason 1991, p. 221.

[FOOTNOTEHannah198215-5] Hannah 1982, p. 15.

[FOOTNOTEJames197315-6] James 1973, p. 15.

[7] Donald Hannah, Flypast Reference Library Hawker, Key Publishing 1982

[8] Goulding 1985, pp. 128–130

[9] Mike Pryce - Beyond the Harrier - Kingston V/Stol Projects 1957-1988

[10] Flight, 16 Dec 1960, p.944

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v t e Hawker and Hawker Siddeley aircraft
By project number	P.1000 P.1001 P.1002 P.1003 P.1004 P.1005 P.1006 P.1007 P.1008 P.1009 P.1010 P.1011 P.1012 P.1013 P.1014 P.1015 P.1016 P.1017 P.1018 P.1019 P.1020 P.1021 P.1022 P.1023 P.1024 P.1025 P.1027 P.1028 P.1029 P.1030 P.1031 P.1032 P.1033 P.1034 P.1035 P.1036 P.1037 P.1038 P.1039 P.1040 P.1041 P.1042 P.1043 P.1044 P.1045 P.1046 P.1047 P.1048 P.1049 P.1050 P.1051 P.1052 P.1053 P.1054 P.1055 P.1056 P.1057 P.1058 P.1059 P.1060 P.1061 P.1062 P.1063 P.1064 P.1065 P.1067 P.1068 P.1069 P.1070 P.1071 P.1072 P.1073 P.1074 P.1075 P.1076 P.1077 P.1078 P.1079 P.1080 P.1081 P.1082 P.1083 P.1084 P.1085 P.1087 P.1088 P.1089 P.1090 P.1091 P.1092 P.1093 P.1094 P.1095 P.1096 P.1097 P.1098 P.1099 P.1100 P.1101 P.1102 P.1103 P.1104 P.1105 P.1106 P.1107 P.1108 P.1109 P.1114 P.1115 P.1116 P.1118 P.1120 P.1121 P.1122 P.1123 P.1124 P.1125 P.1126 P.1127 P.1128 P.1129 P.1130 P.1131 P.1132 P.1134 P.1136 P.1137 P.1139 P.1140 P.1141 P.1143 P.1149 P.1150 P.1152 P.1154 P.1155 P.1202 P.1217 A.P.D.1019 P.V.3 P.V.4
By name	Audax Australian Fighter Cygnet Danecock Dantorp Demon Duiker F.20/27 Interceptor Fury Hardy Harrier Hart Hawfinch Hector Hedgehog Henley Heron Hind Hoopoe Hornbill Hornet Horsley Hotspur Hunter (variants) Hurricane (variants) Kestrel Nimrod Osprey Sea Fury Sea Hawk Tempest Tomtit Tornado Typhoon Woodcock
Hawker Siddeley	Andover Buccaneer Harrier (variants) Hawk HS.125 HS.133 HS.138 HS.140 HS.141 HS.145 HS.146 HS.681 HS.748 HS.803 Nimrod Sea Vixen Trident P.139B P.1017 P.1127 Kestrel P.1154 P.1202