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Citroën ZX

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Citroën ZX
Overview
ManufacturerCitroën
Also calledCitroën ZX Fukang (China)
Citroën Elysée (China)
Citroën C-Elysée (China)
Dongfeng N15 (van, China)
Dongfeng EQ1010F (van, China)
Production1991–1998 (Citroën ZX)
1992–2008 (Citroën Fukang)
2002–2008 (Citroën Elysée)
2008–2013 (Citroën C-Elysée)
Assembly
DesignerDonato Coco in collaboration with Bertone[4]
Body and chassis
ClassSmall family car (C)
Body style3-door hatchback
5-door hatchback
5-door wagon
LayoutFront-engine, front-wheel-drive
RelatedCitroën Xsara
Citroën Elysée
Peugeot 306
Aeolus S30
Lifan 520
Powertrain
Transmission4-speed automatic
5-speed manual
Chronology
PredecessorCitroën GS (1970–1986)
SuccessorCitroën Xsara

The Citroën ZX is a small family car produced by the French manufacturer Citroën between 1991 and 1998.

At the beginning of the 1990s, the ZX was Citroën's entry in the class traditionally dominated in Europe by the Ford Escort and Vauxhall/Opel Astra, a market segment Citroën had briefly abandoned with the demise of the GSA in 1986.[5]

The BX had tried to address the small family car market and the large family car market by being "between sizes" but well packaged. For 1993, the Citroën ZX chassis was also used for the Peugeot 306 which, with its attractive Peugeot 205 derived styling, was an even more successful car than its twin. The Citroën Berlingo and Peugeot Partner were also built on the front half of the same platform, the rear coming from the 405, an arrangement shared underneath the Xsara Picasso.

It was replaced by the Xsara in September 1997, but production in Europe continued until 1998.

China

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The ZX was the first Citroën built in China. A saloon derivative, called the Citroën Elysée, along with the China-based ZX known as the Fukang, continued to be produced for the Chinese market by the Dongfeng Peugeot-Citroën Automobile, a joint venture with the Dongfeng Motor Corporation.

Model History

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Citroën ZX Dimension (five door, facelift)
Citroën ZX Volcane (three door, pre-facelift)
Interior

The Citroën GS had been a ground breaking and radical new model in the small family car market on its launch in 1970, scooping the European Car of the Year award, and was facelifted in 1979 and gained a hatchback which saw it transformed into the GSA.

However, such was the success of the larger BX after its 1982 launch, that PSA decided to delay the launch of an immediate replacement for the GSA when it was finally discontinued in 1986. Development work began on a new C segment hatchback, which was originally expected to be launched as the Citroën FX at the beginning of the 1990s.

Although the Rally Raid version of the ZX debuted during 1990, the ZX was officially launched on the left hand drive continental markets on 16 March 1991, with British sales beginning in May that year, initially only with petrol engines. The diesel ZX went on sale later in 1991.[6] The ZX was helped at the time of introduction by having reached the market a few months before the new version of the Opel/Vauxhall Astra.

The sales target was about 230,000 vehicles per year, with half of that number going outside of France.[7]

It went on sale in New Zealand in the beginning of 1993, as a five door in 1.6 Aura or Turbodiesel trim, with the naturally aspirated diesel and Volcane GTi (1.9) models joining a few weeks later. New Zealand's unleaded petrol was of a low octane rating, meaning that initially only uncatalyzed cars were on offer.[8]

Citroën ZX Break/Estate

In January 1994, the estate of the ZX debuted, and went on sale in May, shortly thereafter followed by a mid-cycle facelift.

The first examples of the ZX had been produced in 1990, with the three door Rally Raid model being the winner of the Paris-Dakar, which started just after Christmas. The first prototypes of the ZX had actually debuted at the Baja Aragon on 20 July 1990. Drag resistance ranged from Cds 0.30 to 0.33.[9]

The launch of the ZX marked the return of Citroën into the C sector of the car market; it had discontinued the GSA in 1986 with no immediate replacement, largely due to the success of the larger BX. However, Citroën had decided to phase out the BX between 1990 and 1993, by at first launching a smaller model, and then adding a larger model (the Xantia) to its range.

The ZX's interior space and value received praise from critics and consumers. Of particular note was the unusual rear seat arrangement: the rear bench was mounted on a sliding platform that allowed it to be moved rearwards to increase rear legroom, or forwards to increase cargo space or to allow the seat back to be tilted backwards.[10] Unfortunately, only the seat backs folded forward on models so fitted; lower specification models had more ultimate cargo capacity as the rear seat cushion folded up, allowing the seat back to be laid down flat. The ZX's specifications were good for its class, with most models getting power steering, electric windows, electric sunroof, a driver's side (and sometimes passenger's side) airbag, and anti-lock braking system as either optional or standard equipment. It remained competitively priced though, unlike the Mark III Volkswagen Golf, which was priced at a premium when launched in August 1991.

The familiar range of PSA powertrains drove the front wheels of a seemingly conventionally designed chassis. At the front was a standard MacPherson strut layout with anti-roll bar, while the rear used the PSA Peugeot-Citroën fully independent trailing arm/torsion bar set up that was first introduced on the estate of the Peugeot 305.

However, PSA's chassis engineers employed some unusual features, including passive rear-wheel steering to induce compliance understeer by means of specially designed bushes in the rear suspension.[10] At high mileages, this is prone to wear off the axle mounting bushes, which is easily fixed. The rear shock absorbers were developed and constructed in house.

1994 Citroën ZX (five door, facelift)

It is also prone to wear in the rear axle trailing arm bearings, which then wear the trailing arm axle tubes, requiring an expensive rebuild or a replacement axle assembly.[11][12] The diesel and larger capacity petrol engines are canted as far back as possible in the engine bay, in an effort to put as much weight as possible behind the front axle line, also reducing the centre of gravity, while improving weight distribution and minimising understeer.

Models

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At the time of its launch, the ZX range consisted of a collection of four very individual trim levels; the base model was the "Reflex" aimed at young people, next was the "Avantage" aimed at families, and then there was the luxury "Aura" series. The final series was the relatively sporting "Volcane" series, with lowered (and hard) suspension. The later "Volcane" TD was one of the first diesel hot hatches.

Over time, further models were introduced, including the "Furio", a cheaper model with a sporting tone combined with the lesser engines, a 16-valve engined high performance derivative, and many special editions.

The ZX was initially available as a three- or five-door hatchback, while a five-door estate was added to the range in 1994. It was offered with petrol engines from 1.1 L to 2.0 L, as well as three 1.9 L diesel engines including a turbodiesel. However, the 1.1 petrol engine was never sold in Britain.

Model Bodystyle Engine Displacement
cc 		Fuel feed Max power Max torque Transmission Weight Top speed Acceleration
0–100 km/h 		Years built
(EU)
PS kW at rpm Nm lb·ft at rpm kg lb km/h mph
Petrol-engined versions
ZX 1.1 hatchback TU1 F2/K 1,124 Carburettor 60 44 5800 91 67 3200 5MT 931 2,053 155 96 - 1991-92
ZX 1.1i TU1M/Z EFI 60 44 6200 87.5 65 3800 940 2,072 161 100 - 1993-97
ZX 1.4 TU3 F2/K 1360 Carburettor 75 55 5800 116 86 3800 945 2,083 172 107 11.9 1991-92
ZX 1.4i TU3JP EFI 75 55 5500 111 82 3400 945 2,083 172 107 13.7 1992-97
Break 75 55 5500 111 82 3400 1,015 2,238 165 103 1994-97
ZX 1.6i hatchback XU5 M3/Z 1580 88 65 6400 132 97 3000 995 2,194 181 112 11.5 1991-92
ZX 1.6i Cat 88 65 6000 128 94 3000 995 2,194 177 110 13.1 1992-97
Break 88 65 6000 128 94 3000 1,070 2,359 172 107 12.0 1995-98
ZX 1.8i hatchback XU7JP 1761 101 74 6000 153 113 3000 1,008 2,222 188 117 11.3 1992-96
Break 101 74 6000 153 113 3000 1,090 2,403 180 112 11.1 1994-96
ZX 1.8i
Automatique		 hatchback 101 74 6000 153 113 3000 4AT 1,048 2,310 176 109 13.6 1993-97
ZX 1.8 16v hatchback XU7JP4 110 81 5500 155 114 4250 5MT 1,050 2,315 195 121 11.3 1996-97
Break XU7JP4 110 81 5500 155 114 4250 1,093 2,410 193 120 9.6 1996-98
ZX 1.9i hatchback XU9JA 1905 130 96 6000 161 119 4750 1,055 2,326 205 127 9.4 1991-92
ZX 1.9i Cat XU9JA/Z 122 90 6000 142 105 3800 1,055 2,326 201 125 9.7 1992-94
ZX 1.9i Cat
Automatique		 120 88 6000 150 111 3000 4AT 1,055 2,326 200 124 12.3 1993
ZX 2.0i XU10J2C 1998 121 89 5750 176 130 2750 5MT 1,104 2,434 202 126 10.2 1992-94
ZX 2.0 16v XU10 J4D/Z 152 112 6500 182.5 135 3500 1,150 2,535 220 137 9.4 1992-96
XU10 J4RS 167 123 6500 193 142 5500 1,170 2,579 219 136 8.5 1996-97
Diesel-engined versions
ZX 1.9 D hatchback XUD9/Z 1,905 Indirect injection
diesel		 64 47 4600 118 87 2000 5MT 1,035 2,282 161 100 18.5 1993-95
68 50 4600 120 89 2000 1,035 2,282 167 104 16.1 1995-97
Break 64 47 4600 118 87 2000 1,090 2,403 158 98 18.8 1994-95
68 50 4600 120 89 2000 1,090 2,403 160 99 16.6 1995-98
ZX 1.9 TD hatchback XUD9 TE/L Indirect injection
Turbodiesel, Intercooler		 92 68 4000 196 145 2200 1,102 2,429 183 114 12.0 1993-97
Break 92 68 4000 196 145 2200 1,150 2,535 177 110 12.5 1994-98

Sales and production

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Year Worldwide Production Worldwide sales Notes
2009 76,000[13] 75,500[13]
2010 72,000[13] 71,800[13]
2011 66,327[14] 65,545[14] Total production reaches 2,526,363 units.[14]
2012 55,600[15] 55,600[15] Total production reaches 2,582,000 units.[15]
2013 55,100[16] 55,900[16] Total production reaches 2,637,100 units.[16]
2014 26,100[17]
2015 3,900[17]

Motorsport

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The car won the Paris-Dakar Rally four times — in 1991 with Ari Vatanen and in 1994, 1995, 1996 with Pierre Lartigue, claiming a total 59 stage wins.

It also won five FIA World Cup for Cross-Country Rallies titles, four by Pierre Lartigue between 1993-1996 and one by Ari Vatanen in 1997.

In terms of rallycross, the ZX 16V Turbo in the hands of Kenneth Hansen (rallycross) took two FIA European Rallycross Championship titles. 1994 and 1996.

The ZX Kit Car, a front-wheel-drive naturally aspirated rally car built to the F2 rules, won the 1997 Spanish rally championship thanks to Jesús Puras.[18]

References

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  1. ^ a b "Production: Comment Citroën a transféré ses ZX d'Aulnay à Rennes". L'Usine Nouvelle. 29 February 1996. Archived from the original on 22 August 2021.
  2. ^ Fainsilber, Denis (17 December 2008). "PSA va redistribuer le travail entre Aulnay et Poissy avec sa nouvelle C3". Les Echos (in French). Archived from the original on 22 August 2021.
  3. ^ "Dossier le secteur automobile marocain" (PDF). Al Wassit Magazine (in French). May–June 1998.
  4. ^ Marsh, Julian. "ZX Prototypes". Citroenet.org.uk. Retrieved 25 July 2023.
  5. ^ "Model specs: 1970-1986 Citroen GS/GSA". Octane. Dennis Publishing Limited. Archived from the original on 8 July 2011.
  6. ^ Marsh, Julian. "Citroën ZX". Citroenet.org.uk. Retrieved 7 August 2011.
  7. ^ Karcher, Xavier (February 1991). "Nous ferons école!". L'Action Automobile et Touristique (in French). No. 352.
  8. ^ Anderson, Donn, ed. (March 1993). "Sweet Package". New Zealand Car. 7 (5). Auckland, New Zealand: Accent Publishing Cnr: 44. ISSN 0113-0196.
  9. ^ Sweet Package, p. 46
  10. ^ a b Collin, Robert (30 May 1991). "Cittra med klang" [Citroën with tone]. Teknikens Värld (in Swedish). Vol. 43, no. 10. Stockholm, Sweden: Specialtidningsförlaget AB. p. 11.
  11. ^ Coombs, Mark (2000), Citroen ZX Petrol/Service and Repair Manual: 1991-1998, Sparkford, Somerset, UK: Haynes Manuals Inc., p. 10·1, ISBN 978-1859607503, archived from the original on 12 September 2014
  12. ^ "Peugeot Rear Suspension Replacement & Citroen Rear Suspension Replacement". R.Mountjoy Engineering - Formerly SSP Engineering. Archived from the original on 1 September 2012. Retrieved 2 August 2012.
  13. ^ a b c d "Engine specs from PSA Peugeot Citroën" (PDF). Creator and designer. PSA Peugeot Citroën. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 June 2017. Retrieved 4 December 2012.
  14. ^ a b c "PSA Annual Report 2012" (PDF), Car manufacturers, PSA, retrieved 1 May 2013 [permanent dead link]
  15. ^ a b c Memento Mars 2013 (in French), PSA Peugeot Citroën, 21 February 2013, p. 50, archived from the original on 11 March 2013
  16. ^ a b c Memento Mars 2014 (in French), PSA Peugeot Citroën, 4 March 2014, pp. 52, 63, archived from the original on 1 July 2014
  17. ^ a b Registration Document 2015 (PDF) (in French), PSA Peugeot Citroën, 24 March 2016, p. 13, archived from the original (PDF) on 11 February 2023
  18. ^ "Spain 1997". eWRC. Archived from the original on 9 December 2021.
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