Lector
Lector is Latin for one who reads, whether aloud or not. In modern languages it takes various forms, as either a development or a loan, such as French: lecteur, English: lector, Polish: lektor and Russian: лектор. It has various specialized uses.
Academic
[edit]The title lector may be applied to lecturers and readers at some universities. There is also the title lector jubilate, which is an equivalent of Doctor of Divinity.
In the teaching of modern languages at universities in the United Kingdom, a native speaker who assists with language skills may be called a lecteur/lectrice or Lektor/Lektorin.[1]
In Dutch higher education the title lector is used for the leader of a research group (lectoraat) at a university of applied sciences. The title is officially translated to professor in English. The lector has a comparable set of tasks as (higher ranked) full professors at a (research) university, albeit at an applied rather than a fundamental scientific level.
Ecclesiastical
[edit]A religious reader is sometimes referred to as a lector. The lector proclaims the Scripture readings[2] used in the Liturgy from the official liturgical book (lectionary).
Television
[edit]In Polish, lektor is also used to mean "off-screen reader" or "voice-over artist". A lektor is a (usually male) reader who provides the Polish voice-over on foreign-language programmes and films where the voice-over translation technique is used. This is the standard localization technique on Polish television and (as an option) on many DVDs; full dubbing is generally reserved for children's material.
Cigar production
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Historically, lectors (known as lectores in Cuba)[3] or readers in a cigar factory entertained workers by reading books or newspapers aloud, often left-wing publications, paid for by unions or by workers pooling their money. In the United States, the custom was common in the cigar factories of Ybor City in Tampa but was discontinued after the Ybor City cigar makers' strike of 1931.[4]
The practice apparently originated in Cuba.[5][6] Lectores were introduced in 1865 to educate and relieve boredom among cigar workers.[3] Lectores, and their reading material, are chosen by the workers of the cigar factory.[3] Lectores often take on extra-official roles and formerly acted as "spurs to dissent".[3] As of 2017, UNESCO is considering designating the profession a form of "intangible cultural heritage".[3] The Montecristo brand of cigars derives its name for the fondness that cigar makers had for listening to The Count of Monte Cristo.
See also
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References
[edit]- ^ Cambridge University Library (2020-04-29). "Glossary: Lector". Cambridge University Library. Retrieved 2024-01-23.
- ^ Warren, Frederick E. (1911). . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 358.
- ^ a b c d e "The people who read to Cuban cigar-factory workers". The Economist. 12 October 2017.
- ^ El Lector, the Cigar Factory Reader of Ybor City
- ^ "The Jobs Of Yesteryear: Obsolete Occupations". National Public Radio. Archived from the original on 2010-03-08. Retrieved 10 March 2010.
- ^ 20 Jobs That Have Disappeared Archived 2010-05-06 at the Wayback Machine, By Miranda Marquit, Main Street, thestreet.com, May 3, 2010.